"for his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland."
THEODOR KOCHER WAS BORN ON AUGUST 25, 1841, IN BERNE, Switzerland. He was educated in his native city, and after his graduation there in 1865 he spent some time in Berlin, London, Paris, and Vienna. In Vienna he was a pupil of Theodor Billroth (1829-1894), the most famous surgeon of his time. Kocher became professor of clinical surgery at the University of Berne In 1872 and for forty-five years was head of the University Surgical Clinic. The first of his contributions to surgery to attract attention was that In which he worked out the method now known by his name for the reduction of a dislocated shoulder. He afterward devised new methods, or modifications of older methods, for operations upon the lungs, the stomach, the gall bladder, the intestine, cranial nerves, hernia, and so on all this in addition to his famous work on the surgery of the thyroid gland, described below. He also invented many instruments and appliances. "Kocher's forceps" remain in general use. It is an Indication of his scientific objectivity that he was always ready to abandon any of his own techniques or gadgets in favor of improvements introduced by other surgeons. Thus it is said that in his later years he performed the Bassini operation for hernia In preference to his own. In his work on the thyroid, Kocher showed himself to be not only surgeon and anatomist but also physiologist and pathologist. He was diligent and original in research, expert in operating, and effective in teaching, although he left no surgical "school" behind him. His clinic was for many years a mecca for visiting surgeons from all parts of the world. "With the death of Kocher," wrote Sir Berkeley Moynihan in the British Medical Journal obituary in 1917, "the world loses its greatest surgeon."
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